新概念英语第四册 Flash(最新版) 第16--20课新东方Flash讲座
。。。。。。。。。。。。。
更新时间：2010-06-15 新概念英语第三册 Flash(最新版)18-04
更新时间：2010-06-14 新概念英语第四册 Flash(最新版)18-03
更新时间：2010-06-14 新概念英语第三册 Flash(最新版)18-03
更新时间：2010-06-12 新概念英语第四册 Flash(最新版)18-02
更新时间：2010-06-12 新概念英语第三册 Flash(最新版)18-02
更新时间：2010-06-11 新概念英语第四册 Flash(最新版)18-01
更新时间：2010-06-11 新概念英语第三册 Flash(最新版)18-01
更新时间：2010-06-10 新概念英语第四册 Flash(最新版)17-04
更新时间：2010-06-10 新概念英语第三册 Flash(最新版)17-04
更新时间：2010-06-09 新概念英语第四册 Flash(最新版)17-03
更新时间：2010-06-09 新概念英语第三册 Flash(最新版)17-03
更新时间：2010-06-08 新概念英语第四册 Flash(最新版)17-02
更新时间：2010-06-08 新概念英语第三册 Flash(最新版)17-02
更新时间：2010-06-07 新概念英语第四册 Flash(最新版)17-01
更新时间：2010-06-07 新概念英语第三册 Flash(最新版)17-01
更新时间：2010-06-05 新概念英语第四册 Flash(最新版)16-04
更新时间：2010-06-05 新概念英语第四册 Flash(最新版)16-03
更新时间：2010-06-05 新概念英语第三册 Flash(最新版)16-04
更新时间：2010-06-04 新概念英语第三册 Flash(最新版)16-03
更新时间：2010-06-03 新概念英语第四册 Flash(最新版)16-02
更新时间：2010-06-03 新概念英语第三册 Flash(最新版)16-02
更新时间：2010-06-02 新概念英语第四册 Flash(最新版)16-01
§Lesson 16 Mary had a little lamb 玛丽有一头小羔羊
【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
◆prize adj. 珍贵的，宝贵的
◆tie v. 拴，系
◆theft n. 偷盗案
◆accuse v. 指控
◆deny v. 否认
◆ashamed adj. 感到羞耻，惭愧
◆apologize v. 道歉
◆dye v. 染
★prize adj. 珍贵的，宝贵的
可以表示“珍贵的，宝贵的”的词包括：prize，valuable，preclous, cherishable，dear
Eg.: Mary has got a prize lamb.
The cat is prize to the old lady.
★tie v. 拴，系
tie sth to
1．把…拴在…上
Eg: I tie the dog to a tree
2．与…有联系
Eg: He is tied to his family
3．n. 领带；关系（强调血缘关系）
★theft n. 偷盗行为，偷盗案
Eg.: He reports the theft to the police.
★accuse v. 指控
accuse sb of doing sth 因为某事指控某人,指控某人做了某事
Eg.: He acciused his neighbour of stealing his bicycle.
＝charge sb with doing sth
accuse比charge语意弱：accuse强调“严厉的指责” charge强调“控告”
★deny v. 否认
deny doing sth. 否认做了某事
He denied stealing the lamb.
He denied the truth.
deny sb. nothing百依百顺
Eg: He denies his wife nothing
deny oneself:克制自己
Eg: On some occasions we must deny ourselves.
★ashamed adj. 感到羞耻，惭愧
be ashamed of
He is ashamed of being a dustman.
shameful: 可耻的
The theft is shameful.
shameless:无耻的
The thief is a shameless person.
★apologize v. 道歉
apologize to sb. (for sth. )
apology n.
★dye v. 染
Dye the cloth black.
【Text】
§Lesson 16 Mary had a little lamb 玛丽有一头小羔羊
Q: Was Dimitri right to apologize to his neighbour? Why not?
Mary and her husband Dimitri lived in the tiny village of Perachora in southern Greece. One of Mary's prize possessions was a little white lamb which her husband had given her. She kept it tied to a tree in a field during the day and went to fetch it every evening. One evening, however, the lamb was missing. The rope had been cut, so it was obvious that the lamb had been stolen.
When Dimitri came in from the fields,His wife told him what had happened.Dimitri at once set out to find the thief. He knew it would not prove difficult in such a small village. After telling several of his friends about the theft, Dimitri found out that his neighbour, Aleko, had suddenly acquired a new lamb. Dimitri immediately went to Aleko's house and angrily accused him of stealing the lamb. He told him he had better return it or he would call the police. Aleko denied taking it and led Dimitri into his back-yard. It was true that he had just bought a lamb, he explained, but his lamb was black. Ashamed of having acted so rashly, Dimitri apologized to Aleko for having accused him. While they were talking it began to rain and Dimitri stayed in Aleko's house until the rain stopped. When he went outside half an hour later, he was astonished to find that the little black lamb was almost white. Its wool, which had been dyed black, had been washed clean by the rain!
【课文讲解】
in the tiny village of...在一个小小的山村
in the big city of Beijing
in the beautiful city of Paris
possession: 所有物
Eg: What I possess is valuable/ My possessions are valuable. 我所拥有的一切都很值钱。
belonging: 随身携带物（通常是用复数形式）
keep:使......处于某种状态
keep后的复合宾语（宾语补足语）可以是形容词、介词短语、分词
keep和过去分词搭配做宾语补足语，过去分词和宾语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。
I keep my windows closed.
宾语补足语和宾语是主谓关系，那么宾语补足语是现在分词结构
I kept the boy standing outside.
It is obvious that…显而易见
set out to do sth. 开始着手做某事
it would not prove difficult, 是不难做到的
prove 是连系动词，作“证明是”讲，本句子与 it would not be difficult相同。
tell sb. about sth. 把某事告知某人
L16-01 end 12’06”
L16-02 begin 8’22”
Eg.: He told the police about the theft.
or: 否则
Eg.: He can’t be ill or he wouldn’t have come.
or else: (口语) 否则……
Eg: Your room is so dirty. Clear it promptly, or else….
It is true that..., but... 诚然......, 但是......
Eg.: It is true that the work is hard, but we’ll finish it ahead.
Ashamed of having acted so rashly, ... 其前省略了being, 现在分词结构（形容词结构）做状语，此处相当于原因状语，放在主句前后均可。
Angry at everybody here, he left suddenly.
Anxious for a quick decision, he called his friends.
Nervous, the man opened the letter.
L16-02 end 8’22”
L16-03 begin 8’57”
【Special difficulties】
had better do sth.
had better not do sth.
Exercise P76
Rewrite the following sentences using had better in place of it would be advisable.
1 It would be advisable for us to have lunch.
2 It would be advisable for her to renew her passport.
3 It would not be advisable for you to ask so many questions.
4 It would not be advisable for us to stay any longer.
5 It would be advisable for the children to get an early night.
6 It would be advisable for me to consult my solicitor.
Key:
1 We had better have lunch.
2 She had better renew her passport.
3 You had better not ask so many questions.
4 We had better not stay any longer.
5 The children had better get an early night.
6 I had better o consult my solicitor.
注：solicitor 律师，法律顾问
【Multiple choice questions】P76
Comprehension
1 Every evening, Mary used to go and _____ .
a. cut the lamb from the rope it had been tied on
b. untie the lamb so it could wander in the field at night
c. bring her lamb back home for the night
d. make sure that her lamb was not missing
1. C
2 It would not be difficult to find the thief because _____ .
a. the lamb had been one of Mary’s prize possessions
b. news travels fast in a small community
c. Dimitri had a lot of friends in the village
d. the rain would soon wash the black dye off the lamb
2. B
community:社区 village
3 When Aleko first showed Dimitri the lamb in his backyard _____ .
a. he was truthful about how he had acquired he lamb but not about its colour
b. Dimitri admitted that the lamb could not be his wife’s
c. it was clear that the lamb had been dyed black
d. it started to rain before Dimitri had time to identify the lamb as his
3. B
Structure
4 Mary and her husband Dimitri lived in Perachora, _____ tiny village in southern Greece. (ll.1-2)
a. in a b. the c. in the d. a
4. D
5 ----was a little white lamb which had been _____ from her husband. (ll.2-3)
a. present b. presented c. presenting d. a present
present --> absent
presented +to / with
When Mr Brown left firm, the director presented a gold watch to him.
a present from sb.
Eg.; The gold watch was present from the director.
5. D
6 On her husband’s return, _____ what had happened. (ll.7-8)
a. his wife told him b. she told Dimitri c. Mary told him d. Dimitri was told
6. C
7 ----it would not prove difficult in a village of _____ size. (ll.8-9)
a. a such small b. so small c. the smallest d. so small a
so small a size or such a small size
7. D
8 He told him if he _____ it, he would call the police. (l.11)
a. was not returning b. did not return c. has not returned d. had not returned
8. B
Vocabulary
9 One of Mary’s most _____ possessions...(l.2)
a. valued b. worthwhile c. worthy d. expensive
9. A
valued advice 宝贵的忠告
valued friend 珍贵的朋友
worthwhile 值得的
Eg.: Any exercise is worthwhile.
Studying hard is worthwhile.
worthy: 配得上的
Eg.: The chain is worthy of the watch.
His deeds are worthy of our praise.他的行为值得我们表扬。
10 After _____ the theft to several of his friends... (l.9)
a. telling b. reporting c. expressing d. counting
tell somebody about something
10 B
report something to somebody
11 During their _____, it began to rain. (ll.13-14)
a. chat b. argument c. conversation d.speech
11. C
talk == conversation
12 When he went ____ half an hour later ... (ll.14-15)
a. out of doors b. into the open c. in the open air d. inside out
12. A
out of doors---outside 反义词：indoors
in the open air 在野外，在露天
inside out:里外反穿
Eg.: He put his socks on inside out.他把袜子穿反了。
L16-03 end 8’57”
L17-01 begin 12’46”
§Lesson 17 The longest suspension bridge in the world
世界上最长的吊桥
【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
◆suspension n. 悬，吊
◆agreeable adj. 宜人的
◆situation n. 地点，地方
◆locate v. 位于
◆immortal adj. 永生的，流芳百世的
◆Brooklyn n. 布鲁克林（纽约一区名）
◆Staten n. 斯塔顿（岛）
◆span n. 跨度
◆cable n 缆索
◆concrete n. 混泥土
◆suspend v. 悬挂
◆length n. 根，段
◆estimate v. 估计
◆immensity n. 巨大
◆capacity n. 承受量
◆elegant adj. 优美别致的
◆faintly adv. 微细地
★suspension n. 悬，吊
suspension bridge 吊桥
suspend: 悬挂
Eg.: The light is suspended from the ceiling.
暂停
Eg.: The train was suspended because of the heavy rain.
suspense: n. 担心，挂念，悬念
Eg.: The wonderful film give me a deep impression because of its suspense.
He didn’t tell us the truth in cap to me in suspense all day.
suspenders 吊袜带
★agreeable adj. 宜人的
Today is agreeable.
agreeable situation
His house is in a agreeable situation.
★situation n. 地点，地方
location
situate v.
locate v.
Beijing is located in the North of China.
Japan is located to the East of China.
is located to...
★locate v. 位于
★immortal adj. 永生的，流芳百世的
★Brooklyn n. 布鲁克林（纽约一区名）
★Staten n. 斯塔顿（岛）
★span n. 跨度
★cable n 缆索
★concrete n. 混泥土
★suspend v. 悬挂
★length n. 根，段
★estimate v. 估计
underestimate 低估
overestimate 高估
Eg.: At a rough estimate, the car is worth 500 thousand RMB.
estimation n. 判断
in my estimation
★immensity n. 巨大
★capacity n. 承受量
Are you clear about the capacity of the cinema?
做某事的能力
have a capacity for doing sth.
have a capacity to do
ability成功地做到了
We have ability to finish the work in two days.
capability内在的潜力
have capability to do
have capability of doing
Any chile has capability of learning a foreign launguge well.
Any chile has capability to learn a foreign launguge well.
faculty 侧重于“主观的能力”
the faculty of seeing
the faculty of hearing
competence 胜任工作的能力、资格
I have competence for the job.
★elegant adj. 优美别致的
The lady is elegant.
graceful: 强调一个人的体型
elegant: 还表示人的举止很得体，大方
delicate: 精致的
★faintly adv. 微细地
【Text】
§Lesson 17 The longest suspension bridge in the world 世界上最长的吊桥
Q: How is the bridge supported?
Verrazano, an Italian about whom little is known, sailed into New York Harbour in 1524 and named it Angouleme. He described it as 'a very agreeable situation located within two small hills in the midst of which flowed a great river.' Though Verrazano is by no means considered to be a great explorer, his name will probably remain immortal, for on November 21st, 1964, the greatest bridge in the world was named after him.
The Verrazano Bridge, which was designed by Othmar Ammann, joins Brooklyn to Staten Island. It has a span of 4260 feet. The bridge is so long that the shape of the earth had to be taken into account by its designer. Two great towers support four huge cables. The towers are built on immense underwater platforms made of steel and concrete. The platforms extend to a depth of over 100 feet under the sea. These alone took sixteen months to build. Above the surface of the water, the towers rise to a height of nearly 700 feet. They support the cables from which the bridge has been suspended. Each of the four cables contains 26,108 lengths of wire. It has been estimated that if the bridge were packed with cars, it would still only be carrying a third of its total capacity. However, size and strength are not the only important things about this bridge. Despite its immensity, it is both simple and elegant, fulfilling its designer's dream to create 'an enormous object drawn as faintly as possible'.
【课文讲解】
L17-01 end 12’46”
L17-02 begin 10’54”
sailed into.. ----句子的主干
about whom----Italian
describe sth. as 把......描绘成......，认为 ......
常见的动词有：see, view, look upon, recoginze, regard, treat, accept
Eg.: I should describe the attempt as a failure.
His mother regards him as genius.
I accept his words as true.
located within two small hills in the midst of which flowed a great river 位于两座小山之间，一条大河滔滔流过。
located... 是过去分词短语作定语，修饰 situation;
in the midst of which 引导一个定语从句，which指two small hills。句子结构要倒装（flowed 在a great river之前）
in the midst of, 在......之中。
in the midst of two small hills flowed a great river
A great river flowed in the middle of the two hills.
in the middle of the night == at midnight
in the middle of the winter
in the middle of the summer
I like the village located within two small hills.
Eg.: 我们来到了一个农庄，在这个农庄的前面有一座大山。
We arrived at a farm house. in front of which is a mountain. 动词位于主语之前
though / although / even though 引导让步状语从句
用了though, although 不能使用but, yet可以用——强调转折关系。
by no means 决不，绝对不 （加强语气）
E.: It is by no means pleasant to take a crowded bus.乘坐一辆拥挤的公交车无论如何不是一件令人高兴的事。
not by any means
not at all
He isn’t satisfied with a job at all.
in no way
in no case
in no sense
in no circumstances
remain immortal
be named after
be named for
take one’s name from
L17-02 end 10’54”
L17-03 begin 11’08”
a span of: 跨度，桥长
take into account / take into consideration / take account of 考虑到
Eg.: We have to take the date into account when we have the meeting.
support : hold up 支撑
extend 延伸，伸展
a railway extends to the next city
extend to a depth of 深度
extend to a length of 长度
extend to a width of 宽度
rise to 上升的高度
which指代先行词 cables
It has been estimated / expected that…据估计
It is said
It is reported
It has been estimated / expected
be packed with... 作“挤满......; 装满 ......”解
were 虚拟语气
carry 承载
a third 三分之一
immensity----size
despite==in spite of
fulfilling: 分词做状语表结果
The bus was held up by the snowstorm, causing the delay.
her husband died in1970, leaving her with two children.
At last he passed his examination, fulfilling his dream to go abroad. 他终于通过了这次考试，实现了出国的梦想（现在分词做结果状语，表示一种主动的概念。）
【Special difficulties】 P80
He is by no means considered to be a great explorer.(ll.4-5) 动词不定式（compare ISD 84）(对比第二册第84课难点)
Instead of saying: I find that he is quite unsuitable for the job.
We can say: I find him to be quite unsuitable for the job.
find sb. to be 好多动词后面既可以跟宾语从句，又可以和动词不定式to 搭配连用，其意义无差别。常见的动词如下：
believe, consider, find, declare, feel, know, suppose, think, presume, estimate, understand
Eg.: I consider that he is the best candidate.
I consider him to be the best coadidate.
We estimated that this picture is worth at least 500 pounds.
We estimated this picture to be worth at least 500 pounds.
L17-03 end 11’08”
L17-04 begin 9’55”
【Multiple choice questions】P80
Comprehension
1 Verrazano’s name will probably remain immortal because _____ .
a. it was after he discovered New York Harbour that a bridge was built
b. he named the river that the new bridge crosses
c. he was an explored of considerable means
d. it has been given to the world’s longest suspension bridge
1. D
the longest suspension bridge was named after Verrazaro.
2 The Verrazano Bridge was built with so wide a span because _____ .
a. it had to cover a wide stretch of water
b. of the unusual shape of the earth around Brooklyn and Staten Island
c. the water that lies between Brooklyn and Staten Island is very deep
d. the number of wires in each cable is so great
2. A
a wide stretch of water 连续不断的水域
3 In designing the Verrazano Bridge, Othmar Ammann _____ .
a. had to account for the curvature of the earth’s surface
b. spent over a year building the platforms that form the bridge’s base
c. had to consider the number of vehicles that might cross the bridge as much as possible.
d. wished to reduce the size of the bridge as much as possible
3． A
The bridge is so long that the shape of the earth had to be taken into account by its designer.
account for 考虑
take account of / take into account
curvature 弯曲度
Structure
4 He described it _____ situated. (ll.2-3)
a. as being very agreably b. was very agreeable to be
c. very agreeably having been d. very agreeably as being
describe sth. as
4. A
situatied 动词过去分词接受agreeably的限定
5 The Verrazano Bridge, _____ the design of Othmar Ammann. (l.8)
a. is b. was c. were d. has been
5． A
6 The length of the bridge is _____ the shae of the earth. (ll.9-10)
a. so that b. such that c. that which d. thus
6. B
强调桥梁的长度就是如此，所以地球的形状被考虑
such that
7 The towers are built on _____ which are sunk beneath the water. (ll.0-11)
a. ferro-concrete immense platforms b. immense made offerro-concrete latforms
c. and made of ferro-concrete immense latforms d. imense ferro-concrete platforms
重点突出 platforms
7. D
不能用连接词and
immense adj. 描述性形容词用于物质名词的前面
8 Even if the bridge were packed with cars, it could still _____ three times the load. (ll.14-15)
a. be carrying b. be able to carry c. only carry d. carry
tho load: the total capacity
can 不能与 be able to 搭配连用
can +动词原形，表示一般的能力
8． D
Vocabulary
9 ‘a very agreeable situation with two small hills lying _____ .’ (ll.3-4)
a. on either side b. on every side c. besides d. side by side
9． A
either表示两者中的每一方的
He sat in the car with a policeman on either side of him.
on either side of the street
either adj. 修饰名词的单数形式
both adj. 修饰名词的复数形式
every adj. 用于三者或三者以上， all
in every direction / in all directions
side by side 肩并肩的，并排
The two bottles stood sid by side on the table.
walk side by side
10 The Verrazano Bridge _____ Brooklyn with Staten Island. (l.8)
a. attaches b. unifies c. links d. relates
10. C
link with / join to
attach to 把......牢牢地系上
She attached a check to the order form.
relate to (with) 表示在......之间建立联系
I can’t relate what you say happened with what I saw.
11 A bridge which is hung from cables is known as a _____ bridge. (ll.12-13)
a. susended b. suspense c. susension d. suspender
11. C
suspension bridge 吊桥
suspended 推迟的，延期的
The judge gave him a suspended sentence. 法官判了他缓刑。
suspense 担心，不安，悬念
The competitors in the beauty contest were kept in suspense waiting for the result.
suspender 吊索，吊袜带
12 If the bridge were loaded with as many cars as it could _____, it would still…(ll.14-5)
a. sustain b.endure c. receive d. take
12． D
take 容纳，装载
The tank will take about twelve gallons.
sustain 支撑，承受住
I don’t think this floor will sustain the weight of the grand piano.
endure 经受，承受痛苦、苦难
receive 收到
L17-04 end 9’55”
L18-01 begin 9’38”
§Lesson 18 Electric currents in modern art 现代艺术中的电流
【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
◆current n. 电流
◆sculpture n. 雕塑
◆mistaken adj. 错误的
◆gallery n. 美术馆
◆exhibit n. 展品，陈列品
◆oddly adv. 古怪的
◆attach v. 连，系
◆sphere n. 球体
◆magnetize v. 使磁化
◆repel v. 排斥
◆flicker v. 闪烁
◆emit v.放射
◆flash v. 闪光
◆prehistoric adj. 史前的，老掉牙的
◆electronic adj. 电子的
◆peculiar adj. 奇异的
◆shock v.令人震惊，刺激人
◆emotionally adv. 感情上
★current n. 电流
current n. the flow of electricity 电流
a continuous movement of water 水流
adj. 目前的，现在的； current affairs 时事
currency n. 流通（货币）
currently adv. 普遍地，通常地，现在，当前
★sculpture n. 雕塑
sculptural adj. 雕刻的，雕刻般的
sculptor n. 雕刻家
★mistaken adj. 错误的
mistaken adj. incorrect; wrong; misunderstood
Eg.: The teacher has mistaken opinion of his pupil. He doesn’t use simple plain language and he is often mistaken.
make a mistake / by mistake 弄错了
He took my umbrella by mistake.
and no mistake 确实如此(口语)
Eg: He is honest and no mistake.
mistake vt.
mistake sb. for 把某人误认为
Eg.: Yesterday, I mistook him for my classmate.
★gallery n. 美术馆
★exhibit n. 展品，陈列品
exhibit: show in public
exhibition n. 展览会
Eg.: Yesterday we went to an exhibition to visit exhibits.
★oddly adv. 古怪的
oddly: strangely
odd adj. 古怪的
strange adj. 因为陌生而奇怪的
queer adj.奇特的
Eg.: Look, he is wearing a queer hat.
fantastic adj.奇妙的
eccentric adj.怪癖的；He is an eccentric person.
★attach v. 连，系
attach vt. 系，拴，粘上，贴上
attach to
Eg.; he attached the lamb to a tree.
attach to sb. for sth. 因为某事而把......加在某人身上
Eg.: We didn’t attach blame to him for his failure.
attach importance to sth. 对某事非常重视
Eg.: We attach importance to education.
be attached to sth. 喜欢，喜爱
Eg.: I’m very attached to her.
attachment n. 固定，爱慕，友情，附着
★sphere n. 球体
★magnetize v. 使磁化
magnetized vt.
Eg.: The iron was magnetized.
He speech magnetized the listeners.
★repel v. 排斥
repel vt.: to drive back; cause feelings of dislike
Eg.: the different sexes attract each other and the same sexes repel on the contrary.
Let me go at once, you repel me. 让我走，你真让我恶心。
★flicker v. 闪烁
★flash v. 闪光
flicker v. shine unsteadily
flash v. shine for a moment
★emit v.放射
emit v. give off
emit sound / emit smell / emit light / emit heat / emit smoke
L18-01 end 9’38”
L18-02 begin 9’53”
★prehistoric adj. 史前的，老掉牙的
peculiar adj. strange and unusual
Eg.: The food has peculiar taste.
I’m feeling rather peculiar.
★electronic adj. 电子的
◆peculiar adj. 奇异的
peculiar adj. stange and unusual
Eg.: The food has peculiar taste.
I’m feeling rather peculiar.
◆shock v.令人震惊，刺激人
get shocked 受震动
At the news, he got shocked.
shock n. 震惊；get a big shock
◆emotionally adv. 感情上
emotional adj. 易激动的，情绪的，感情脆弱的
Eg.: I think you agree with me, women are often said to be more emotional than men.
反义词 unemotional
emotion: n. 感情：
Eg.: love,hatred, and grief are emotions.
feeling n. 某时的内心感受
Eg. : I can’t describe my feeling now.
emotive adj.引起情绪反应的
The word home is more emotive than house.
emotionally; emotional; unemotional; emotive; emotion; feeling
【Text】
§Lesson 18 Electric currents in modern art 现代艺术中的电流
Q: How might some of the exhibits have been dangerous?
Modern sculpture rarely surprises us any more. The idea that modern art can only be seen in museums is mistaken. Even people who take no interest in art cannot have failed to notice examples of modern sculpture on display in public places. Strange forms stand in gardens, and outside buildings and shops. We have got quite used to them. Some so-called 'modern' pieces have been on display for nearly fifty years.
In spite of this, some people--in-cluding myself--were surprised by a recent exhibition of modern sculpture. The first thing I saw when I entered the art gallery was a notice which said: 'Do not touch the exhibits. Some of them are dangerous!' The objects on display were pieces of moving sculpture. Oddly shaped forms that are suspended from the ceiling and move in response to a gust of wind are quite familiar to everybody. These objects, however, were different. Lined up against the wall, there were long thin wires attached to metal spheres. The spheres had been magnetized and attracted or repelled each other all the time. In the centre of the hall, there were a number of tall structures which contained coloured lights. These lights flickered continuously like traffic lights which have gone mad. Sparks were emitted from small black boxes and red lamps flashed on and off angrily. It was rather like an exhibition of prehistoric electronic equipment. These Peculiar forms not only seemed designed to shock people emotionally, but to give them electric shocks as well!
【课文讲解】
rarely: seldom
We are not surprised at moden sculpture...
that引导同位语从句，修饰限定the idea的内容。
Eg. : The idea that one can learn English well in English-speaking countryes is mistaken.
重点句式结构
who take no interest in art 修饰说明 people
take interest in 对......感兴趣
take delight in 对......感到高兴
take pride in 对...... 感到骄傲
show interest in 显示对......的兴趣
cannot; failed to 双重否定意味着肯定；加强语气
he must have passed his examination last week.
He cannot have failed to pass hsi examination last week.
You must keep your promise.
You can’t fail to keep your promise.
On display / on show
We can see sculptures everywhere.
用夸张的口吻表明事实
in spite of this 尽管如此
作者表明了自己的观点
重点句型
The first thing I saw when I entered the art gallery was a notice which said:
The first thing... was a notice which said...
定语从句省略that
The sculpture can move
Oddly...
L18-02 end 9’53”
L18-03 begin 9’09”
Oddly shaped forms that are suspended from the ceiling and move in response to a gust of wind are quite familiar to everybody.
Oddly...that...
that 引导的定语从句用来限定shaped forms
are ...familiar to...谓语
句子主干：Oddly shaped forms are familiar to everybody
that 定语从句中：in response to / in reaction to 作为对......的反应
be familiar to sb. 对某人来说很熟悉
Eg.: The house is familiar to him.
I don’t really remember where I have seen him before, but he looks very familiar to me.
be familiar with 熟悉，熟知
Eg.: Are you familiar with the play of Shakespeare?
I ‘m familiar with that book too.
be familiar to sb. / be familiar with sth.
lined up 过去分词做状语，与 long thin wires 为被动关系
attached to metak spheres 过去分词做定语，修饰long thin wires
定语从句
there were long thin wires that were attached to metal spheres.
ther center of the hall 展厅的中央
coloured lights 彩色灯泡
continuously adv. 不停止的
ga mad 发疯，发狂 run mad
Eg. : he must have gone mad to do such a thing.
on and off: continuously
Eg: It has been raining on and off since noon.
It was rather like===It was more like 看起来更像
Key structure
...not only seemed designed to do sth.
not only... but ... as well
seem 系动词+名词/形容词/分词
Key structure
介词（IKS94）(参见第二册第94课关键句型
Exercise
Supply the missing words in the folowing sentences . Do not refer to the passage until you finish the exercise.
1 Even people who take no interest _____ art cannot have failed to notice examples of modern sculpture _____ display in public places.
2 We have got quite used _____ them.
3 Oddly shaped forms that are suspended _____ the ceiling and move _____ response _____ a gust of wind are quite familiar _____ everybody.
4 There were long thin wires attached _____ metal spheres.
Key: 1. in / on ; 2. to 3. from / in / to 4. to
Spelling in Special difficulties
以元音加y结尾的名词，加s时，y不做任何改变；动词也是如此
day—days way—ways enjoy—enjoys buy—buys
以辅音加y结尾的词，加s 时，y 改作-ies
lady—ladies berry—berries reply—replies
L18-03 end 9’09”
L18-04 begin 10’51”
【Multiple choice questions】
Comprehension
1 Modern sculpture rarely surrises us any more beause _____ .
a. even if not in museums, we see it in and around other public places
b. despite people’s lack of interest in art, it is ut on display
c. people not only display it in their houses but in their gardens also
d. museums have been exhibiting if for nearly eighty years
1. A
2 What surprised the writer when he visited a recent exhibition of modern sculpture?
a. The fact that people were forbidden to touch the exhibits.
b. The oddly shaped forms that were susended from the ceiling.
c. The way in which electrical energy was used to produce mobile effects.
d. The prehistoric electronic equipment used to activate the exhibits.
2. C
3 The pieces of sculptureon display at the exhibition were _____ .
a. noticed because they were dangerous
b. either hung on wires or built into the middle of the hall
c. flickering continuously with different coloured lights
d. such that one could not pass them unnoticed though it seemed wiser to pass them untouched
3. D
one could not pass them unnoticed
can not pass sth. unnoticed
The dress is so beautiful that I can’t pass it unnotied.
Structure
4----‘modern’ ieces _____ on display nearly eighty years ago. (ll.6-7)
a. have been b. are first c. were first d. had been
4. C
eighty years ago
5 The first thing I saw _____ to the art gallery…(l.9)
a. on my arrival b. on entering c. at the entrance d. having arrived
5. C
at the entrance arriveal in / at
6 The notice prohibited people _____ the exhibits. (ll/9-10)
a. to touch b. from touching c. touching d. not to touch
prohibit : 阻止、禁止 prohibit sb from doing sth 重点强调法律或条例明文禁止forbit sb. to do sth.
6. C
7 The sheres had been magnetized _____ attracted or reelled each other… (l.13)
a. so that they b. so they were c. so as they had d. in order that they
so that表示目的和结果
7． A
8 These peculiar forms _____ to shock people emotionally and to … (ll.17-18)
a. both seemed designed b. seemed both designed
c. seemed both designed and d. seemed designed both
both...and
8. D
Vocabulary
9 ----forms that are susended from the ceiling and move _____ are … (ll.10-11)
a. at one blow b. all of a sudden c. with a light touch d. at the slightest breath
9. D
at one blow 强调一次重击
all of a sudden--->suddenly 突然，出乎意料地
with a light touch 以轻松愉快的格调
10 Small black boxes _____ sparks … (l.15)
a. gave off b. sent by c. gave over d. throw off
gave off
10. A
11 There were a number of tall structures _____ in different colours. (l.14)
a. enlightened b. illuminated c. alighted d. burning
11. B
illuminate: 照亮
alighted vi. 下来，下车
形容词相当于burning
12 These peculiar forms not only seemed _____ to shock people … (ll.17-18)
a. drawn b. planned c. intended d. created
12. C
The book is designed / intended for English learners.
be intended for
draw:画 draw a picture 支取
L18-04 Lesson 18 end 10’ 51”
L19-01 begin 17’37”
§ Lesson 19 A very dear cat 一只贵重的宝贝猫
【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
◆dear adj. 亲爱的，珍贵的；昂贵的
◆kidnapper n. 绑架者，拐骗者
◆considerable adj. 相当大的
◆wealthy adj. 富的，有钱的
◆orderly adj. 有规律的
◆disappearance n. 失踪
◆anonymous adj. 匿名的
◆ransom n. 赎金
◆cardboard n. 硬纸板
◆withdraw (withdrew, withdrawn ) v. （从银行）取钱
◆punctually adv. 准时地
◆astound v. 使吃惊
★dear adj. 亲爱的，珍贵的；昂贵的
I can’t afford the car because it’s too dear.
The cat is dear to me.
cost sb dear 花了某人很多钱
★kidnapper n. 绑架者，拐骗者
kidnap 绑架
★★★considerable adj. 相当大的
a considerable business 大规模企业
He has got a considerable success.
considerably adv.
It’s considerably colder today than yesterday.
considerate adj. 体贴的
be considerate to sb 对某人很体贴入微
Are you considerate you wife?
considered 经过考虑的
It’s my considered opinion. 这是我经过考虑的看法。
all things considered 就各方面而言
Eg: All things considered, he finished the work well.
considering prep & conj. & adv.
Eg.: Considering his age, the little boy reads very well.
considering (that )
considering adv.
He studies English well, considering.
★wealthy adj. 富的，有钱的
★orderly adj. 有规律的
★disappearance n. 失踪
★anonymous adj. 匿名的
★ransom n. 赎金
pay ransom to sb.
The old lady paid a ransom of one thousand pounds to the kidnapper.
hold sb to ransom 绑票（索取赎金）
They kidnapped the boy and held him to rensom.
★cardboard n. 硬纸板
★withdraw (withdrew, withdrawn ) v. （从银行）取钱
★punctually adv. 准时地
not early nor late
punctual adj.
punctuality n.
★astound v. 使吃惊
语意程度比surprise要强得多
吃惊程度 astoud>amaze>astonish>surprise
He was astounded to hear of her death.
They were amazed to find the lazy girl came very early.
surprising----> surprised
L19-01 end 10’44”
L19-02 begin 13’00”
【Text】
§ Lesson 19 A very dear cat 一只贵重的宝贝猫
Q：Why was Rastus ‘very dear’ in more ways than one?
Kidnappers are rarely interested in Animals, but they recently took considerable interest in Mrs Eleanor Ramsay's cat. Mrs Eleanor Ramsay, a very wealthy old lady,has shared a flat with her cat, Rastus, for a great many years. Rastus leads an orderly life. He usually takes a short walk in the evenings and is always home by seven o'clock. One evening, however, he failed to arrive. Mrs Ramsay got very worried. She looked everywhere for him but could not find him.
Three day after Rastus' disappearance, Mrs Ramsay received an anonymous letter. The writer stated that Rastus was in safe hands and would be returned immediately if Mrs Ramsay paid a ransom of &1000. Mrs Ramsay was instructed to place the money in a cardboard box and to leave it outside her door. At first, she decided to go to the police, but fearing that she would never see Rastus again --the letter had made that quite clear--she changed her mind. She drew &1000 from her bank and followed the kidnapper's instructions. The next morning, the box had disappeared but Mrs Ramsay was sure that the kidnapper would keep his word. Sure enough, Rastus arrived punctually at seven o'clock that evening. He looked very well, though he was rather thirsty, for he drank half a bottle of milk. The police were astounded when Mrs Ramsay told them what she had done. She explained that Rastus was very dear to her. Considering the amount she paid, he was dear in more ways than one!
【课文讲解】
seldom take interest in
take great interest in
share sth. with sb.
I share the room with my friend.
for a long time
disciplined regular
take a short walk go for a stroll
however
look for find
after可以和名词搭配
Three days after~ arrival
state;非常正式的声明
instruct: order
be instructed to do sth.
The journalist was instructed to obtain...
fearing 现在分词做原因状语
make it clear to sb that
The teacher has made it clear to us that we must read English aloud every day.
keep his promise
word 表示诺言时，要采用单数形式
keep his word break his word give sb. one’s word
as good as one's word 表示守信用，侧重点在于强调一个结果
go back on one's word 食言
sure enough 果然，无疑
I said would happen, and sure enough it did happen.
half a bottle of milk
in more ways than one ( way ) in many ways
双重意义：dear price 昂贵； expensive 珍贵
用英语练习将此故事讲给朋友听。
L19-02 end 13’00”
L19-03 begin 14’57”
【Special difficulties】
The comma 逗号的用法
三个或三个以上的词、短语或句子只用一个并列连接词来连接，他们之间就要用逗号，并列连接词前也要用逗号。
插入语或同位语前后必须用逗号分开
状语从句位于句首时也要用逗号和主句分隔开来，放在句尾则不需要
非限制性定语从句必须用逗号分开
语次转变词也应该用逗号将其和句子其他成分分开
介词短语和分词短语位于句首时也必须加逗号加以分隔
【Multiple choice questions】
Comprehension
1 Some kidnaers took consierable interest in Mrs. Ramsay’s cat because _____ .
a. Mrs. Ramsay could and woulday a lot toget her only companion back
b. Mrs. Ramsay clearly loved hercat to have kept him so long
c. Rastus was an orderly cat and wouldd be easy to look after if kdnapped
d.Mrs. Ramsay missed her cat whenever he was not back home on time
1． A
could would
2 On what conditions did the kidnapper promise the safe return of Rastus?
a. His name was not to be revealed and he wanteda ransom of ￡1,000.
b. Mrs. Ramsay was not to inform the police and had to pay ￡1,000.
c. Mrs. Ramsay had to leaveher flat until the box with the money had gone.
d. Mrs. Ramsay was to withdraw ￡1,000 from her bank and follow his instructions.
2. B
3 How was Rastus dear to Mrs. Ramsay in more ways than one?
a. She was very fond of him and it had cost her a lot of get him back.
b. besides the high ransom paid on his behalf, he drank a lot of milk.
c. He was so dear that she had not dared tell the police of the kidnapping.
d. He was very valuable and she valued him greatly.
3. A
Structure
4 Mrs. Eleanor Ramsay is a very wealthy lady who _____ a flat with her cat Rastus, for a great many years. (ll.2-4)
a. shares b. has shared c. shared d. had shared
for a great many years
4. B 现在完成时
5 She searched for him but could not find him _____ . (ll.7-8)
a. nowhere b. somewhere c. everywhere d. anywhere
5．D
6 Her first reaction _____ the police. (ll.11-12)
a. was to call b. was calling c. she would call d. being to call
根据语法规则，当主语是ambition, goal, hope, idea, intention, mistake, plan, policy, purpose, reaction, suggestion等名词的时候，句子的表语必须是to不定式短语， 该不定式短语是说明其内容的。
His purpose in life was to seek truth instead of money.
6. A
7. But _____ never seeing Rastus again, she changed her mind. (ll.12-13)
a. afraid b. afraid of c. for fear d. afraid for
fearing
7. B
for fear + of / that
They are working hard for fear that they should fail.
afraid for 侧重点表示为......感到担心，害怕失去
8 Considering _____ money she paid, he was dear …(ll.17-18)
a. the great b. how many c. how much of d. what a lot of
8． D
Vocabulary
9 Rastus leads a _____ life. (l.4)
a. correct b. measured c. regular d. disciplined
measured : 慎重的，有节奏的
regular:强调有规则的
9． D
10 He ususlly goes _____ in the evenings… (ll.4-5)
a. on a trek b. for a stroll c. for a trot d. on foot
go on a trek 进行艰苦的拔涉
go for a stroll == go for a walk
trot 小跑
I’m going for a trot down the lane.
11 _____, Rastus arrived punctually… (l.15)
a. Certainly b. Without a doubt c. As expected d. As a matter of fact
11. C
sure enough ====As expected
without a doubt 毫无疑问
12 He apeared very _____ , though… (ll.15-16)
a. healthy b. satisfied c. good-looking d. sane
12． A
satisfied 满意的
good-looking 长相好看的
sane 明智的
L19-03 Lesson 19 end (continued 2’36”)
L20-01 begin 18’18”
§ Lesson 20 Pioneer pilots 飞行员的先驱
【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
◆pioneer n. 先驱
◆lord n. 对（英国）贵族的尊称；勋爵
◆Calais n. 加来（法国港市）
◆overland adj. 陆上的
★pioneer n. 先驱
young pioneer
同义词 advocate 倡导者
pioneer adult education
★lord n. 对（英国）贵族的尊称；勋爵
lordless 无郡主的
lordship
lordly 昂迈的
duke 公爵
marquis 侯爵
earl 伯爵
viscount 子爵
baron 男爵
★Calais n. 加来（法国港市）
★overland adj. 陆上的
overnight 一夜之间的
overpopulated 人口众多的
overseas 海外的
over + 动词 表示超过
Eg: overeat, 吃多了
oversleep 睡过头了
overwork 工作过量
overcharge 索要价钱过高
overestimate 过高估计
【Text】
§ Lesson 20 Pioneer pilots 飞行员的先驱
Q：What was the name of the first plane to fly across the English Channel?
In 1908 Lord Northcliffe offered a prize of ￡1000 to the first man who would fly across the English Channel. Over a year passed before the first attempt was made. On July 19th, 1909, in the early morning, Hubert Latham took off from the French coast in his plane the 'Antoinette IV'. He had travelled only seven miles across the Channel when his engine failed and he was forced to land on the sea. The 'Antoinette' floated on the water until Latham was picked up by a ship.
Two days later, Louis Bleriot arrived near Calais with a plane called 'No. XI'. Bleriot had been making planes since 1905 and this was his latest model. A week before, he had completed a successful overland flight during which he covered twenty-six miles. Latham, however did not give up easily. He, too, arrived near Calais on the same day with a new 'Antonette'. It looks as if there would be an exciting race across the Channel. Both planes were going to take off on July 25th, but Latham failed to get up early enough. After making a short test flight at 4.15 a.m., Bleriot set off half an hour later. His great flight lasted thirty seven minutes. When he landed near Dover, the first person to greet him was a local policeman. Latham made another attempt a week later and got within half a mile of Dover, but he was unlucky again. His engine failed and he landed on the sea for the second time.
【课文讲解】
背诵：In 1908 Lord Northcliffe offered a prize of &1000 to the first man who would fly across the English Channel.
the first man to fly across...
序数词和动词不定式to搭配连用中以代替其后的定语从句
She was the only one to survive the plane crash.
如果before所引导的时间状语从句之前出现段时间，则最佳翻译方法：才。。。
offer a prize of sth(奖励) to sb 给予某人……奖励
Eg: He offered a prize of 1,000 to the first man who fly cross the English Channel.
attempt in one's attempt
Eg: She failed in her attempt to swim the tunnel.
make an attempt on 尝试，试图
make an attempt to do 尝试，试图
make no attept 没有……企图，尝试
at that moment
failed: break down
fail 失败，忽视
She failed to win the prize.
be forced to do 被迫做……
pick up
with a plane: with 具有、带有
had been making planes
背熟：A week before, he had completed a successful overland flight during which he covered twenty-six miles.
during which----during flight
It looked as if： 似乎，看起来
It looked as if there would be a heavy storm.
make a short test flight
make another attempt
介词和关系代词搭配连用，当定语从句的关系代词是介词的宾语时，能够把可移位的介词提前放在关系代词的前面。（正式）
在非正式问题和口语当中，介词一般要放在从句的末尾
定语从句中介词位置
决定介词位置的4个因素:
1．如果是口语，介词位于句尾，同时关系代词可以省略。
2．非正式问题，介词位于从句句尾。
3．有些动词+ 介词，合成词组被看成是不可分割的语言单位，这个时候介词必须紧跟动词，不可移动
take after account for
4．在很多情况下，介词和关系代词构成独立的介词短语，在句中起状语作用，与从句的谓语动词毫无关系，而不是谓语动词的一部分，这时介词始终位于关系代词之前
Eg: He described it as a very agreeable situation located within two small hills
In the midst of two small hills, flowed a great river.
Eg: He described it as a very agreeable situation located within two small hills in the midst of which flowed a great river.(in the midst of跟后面的谓语动词flow没有任何关系)
Mrs. Ramsay received an anonymous letter in which the writer stated that Rastus was in safe hands.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
请完成难点中的练习题
L20-01 end 18’18”
L20-02 begin 6’07”
【Multiple choice questions】
Comprehension
1 In Hubert Latham’s first attempt to fly the English Channel _____.
a. Lord Northcliffe offered a prize of ￡1,000
b. his engine failed with only seen miles togo before reaching Dover
c. his plane developed engine trouble only seven miles after take-off
d. both Latharm and his plane were rescued by a passing ship
1. C
2 When Bleriot made his successful crossing _____ .
a. he was flying a plane he had made in 1905
b. he had already flown overland the distance across the English Channel
c. he set out for Dover half an hour before Latham did
d. he was arrested as soon as he landed in England
2. B
3 Latham failed at his second attempt because _____ .
a. he did not get up early enough
b. he had to make another forced landing
c. he only got within half a mile of Dover
d. his plane had not been repaired properly
make another forced landing ----迫降
3． B
Structure
4 The first man _____ across the English Channel would receive Lord Northcliffe’s prize. (ll.1-2)
a. who was going to fly b. flying c. to fly d. having flown
序数词和不定式搭配连用
4． C
5 The first attempt _____ over a year later. (ll.2-3)
a. was not made till b. was made in c. was made after d. was made until
not till not until
5. A
6 He, too, _____ near Calais with a new ‘Antoinette’. (ll.10-11)
a. just arrived b. was just arriving c. had just arrived d. arrived just
6. C
当谓语动词有just修饰时，一般要使用完成时。
He has just left.
Eg: He, too, had just arrived near Calais with a new plane.
7 It _____ to be an exciting race across the Channel. (ll.11-12)
a. would promise b. would have promised c. was promising d. promised
7. D
promised : 有什么的可能，有发生的迹象——好
threat:凶兆
8 Latham made another attempt a week later. _____ he got within half a mile of Dover. (ll.14-15)
a. This time b. That time c. When d. Then
8．A
Vocabulary
9 He had travelled _____ seven miles when… (ll.5-6)
a. farther than b. no longer than c. no further than d. a space of
no further: 修饰距离
no longer: 修饰时间或长度
no more: 修饰某物
Eg: I can walk no further. 我再也走不动了。
He no longer livers here. 他不再住这儿了。
I can eat no more. 我再也吃不下任何东西了。
9． C
10 The ‘Antoinette’ _____ until Latham was picked up… (l.7)
a. held water b. was watertight c. stayed at sea d. rode the waves
10． D
rode the waves 在水面上漂浮， 冲浪前进
Eg: The ship rode the waves.
hold water: 论点，观点站得住脚，说得通(多用语疑问句和否定句)
Eg: What you said doesn't hold water.
watertight adj. 密封的，无懈可击的， watertight box 密封盒 ； a watertight plan 密封的计划
11 After making a short test flight, Bleriot set off at quarter _____ five. (ll.12-13)
a. to b. of c. before d. past
11． A
12 His _____ flight lasted thirty-seven minutes. (ll.13-14)
a. immense b. long c. grand d. remarkable
immense: 修饰面积大得难以测量
grand:宏伟的
12． D
L20-02 L20 end 6’07”
评论